1. Definitions: Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) SIRS describes a non-specific systemic inflammatory state, triggered by infectious or non-infectious insults. SIRS Criteria (Traditional) Presence of ≥2 of: Temperature >38°C or <36°C Heart rate >90/min Respiratory rate >20/min or PaCO₂ <32 mmHg WBC >12,000 or <4,000 or >10% bands SIRS can occur in: Trauma Burns Pancreatitis Post-operative states Infections SIRS is not equivalent to infection. Sepsis (Sepsis-3 Definition) According to the Surviving Sepsis Campaign and consensus definitions: Sepsis is life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Operationalized as: Suspected/confirmed infection Increase in SOFA score ≥2 Septic Shock A subset of sepsis characterized by: Persistent hypotension requiring vasopressors Serum lactate >2 mmol/L despite adequate fluid resuscitation This carries a mortality >40%. Sho...
What is "Day Light Saving Time"?
The idea of this was proposed by George Hudson in 1895. The first nationwide implementation was organized by German Empire and Austria-Hungary. Many countries have used and have been using this method since 1970 energy crisis.
DST is setting clock time one hour forward or backward according to length of day/night darkness during transition between winter and summer. for example during spring clock is set one hour forward which is called "spring forward" and it's set back by one hour during autumn called as "fall back". that means we get one 23-hour day during early spring/late winter and one 25-hour day during autumn.
The areas near equator generally do not observe day light saving time (DST) because here time for sunrise and sunset don't show much difference. for example countries like Asia and Africa don't observe DST.
Daylight Saving Time Affects Public Health
This clock shift can interrupt circadian rhythm by complicating daily routine and time keeping and also individual mood causing health complications.
DST can have negative health implications like "social jetlag" and "sleep deprivation" which can make impact on person's physical and mental health by increasing the risks of diabetes, stroke, coronary artery disease, obesity, heart disease, depression and related complications. Social jetlag occurs when individual can not keep up with daily routine due to mismatch between sleep-time (body clock known as circadian rhythm) and local time. As experts say, year round standard time is better preferred compared to year round DST for good public health.
As sunlight is a major source for Vitamin D synthesis, DST affects it's production depending on person's exposure to sunlight, but overexposure is also associated with risk of skin cancer.
Sleep shortage can make individual feel tired during whole day and inattentive. Adults who get less than 7-8 hour sleep are more likely to develop health implications compared to Adults getting enough sleep. A sleep foundation poll of parents says that children who need approximately 10-12 hours sleep daily are getting one hulour less sleep which can affect their brain development and memory.
Some research suggests that our body's ability to fight diseases, inflammation, antibody generation, toxic material removal are being affected by sleep deprivation.
The Americal Academy Of Sleep Medicine, known as largest scientific research organization advice for replacement of daylight saving time with year-round standard time. it'll prevent our circadian rhythm from making adjustments twice a year which can be helpful for public health.
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